Sun Needs:
- Full shade to part shade (Avoid direct afternoon sun)
Bloom Time:
- Non-flowering (Reproduce via spores on the underside of fronds)
Size:
Height: 12 inches to 3 feet, depending on species
Width: 12 inches to 3 feet, with slow, clumping or spreading growth
Attributes:
- legant, finely textured foliage
- Deer and rabbit resistant
- Thrives in shade and damp conditions
- Low maintenance once established
- Great for erosion control on slopes
- Adds cool, green visual relief in shady spaces
- Works well in naturalistic, woodland, or Japanese gardens
Companion:
- Lady Fern (Athyrium filix-femina) – graceful, lacy fronds
- Japanese Painted Fern (Athyrium niponicum) – silver and purple tones
- Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris) – tall, vase-shaped habit
- Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides) – evergreen fronds for winter interest
- Cinnamon Fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum) – dramatic fertile fronds in spring
Good Companion Plants:
- Hosta – bold leaves provide contrast
- Astilbe – adds color and similar moisture needs
- Brunnera – heart-shaped leaves and tiny spring flowers
- Pulmonaria (Lungwort) – spotted foliage and early blooms
- Toad Lily – shade-loving with unique flowers
- Heuchera (Coral Bells) – colorful foliage in part-shade gardens
- Bleeding Heart – soft foliage and romantic blooms



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