Holly (Ilex spp. (commonly Ilex aquifolium – English Holly, Ilex opaca – American Holly, Ilex verticillata – Winterberry))

Sun Needs:

• Full sun to partial shade
• Best berry production and foliage density in full sun
• Tolerates partial shade, especially in warmer climates

Bloom Time:

• Late spring to early summer
• Small, white to greenish flowers
• Male and female flowers usually on separate plants (dioecious)

Size:

Height: 3 to 50 feet (depending on species and cultivar)

• Dwarf varieties: 3–5 feet
• Tree forms: up to 50 feet

Width: 3 to 25 feet. Naturally pyramidal or rounded habit.

Attributes:

• Glossy, often spiny evergreen leaves (some deciduous species)
• Bright red, orange, or yellow berries on female plants
• Excellent for hedges, screens, and winter interest
• Provides food and shelter for birds and pollinators
• Many native species support local ecosystems

Care Tips:

• Plant in well-drained, slightly acidic soil
• Water regularly during establishment and dry periods
• Mulch to retain moisture and protect roots
• Prune in late winter or early spring to shape and remove dead wood
• Plant a male nearby for berry production on female plants

Pest watch:

• Monitor for scale insects, leaf miners, and spider mites