European Filbert (Corylus avellana)

European Filbert is a deciduous shrub or small tree prized for its edible nuts and ornamental value. Native to Europe and western Asia, it features rounded, toothed leaves and produces yellowish catkins in late winter to early spring before leaf-out. Female flowers are small and red, giving way to clusters of hazelnuts in late summer to early fall. It’s often grown in orchards, edible landscapes, or as a wildlife-friendly hedge.

Category

Sun Needs:

  • Full sun to partial shade
  • Best nut production in full sun
  • Tolerates light shade but may reduce yield

Bloom Time:

  • Late winter to early spring
  • Male catkins appear before leaves
  • Female flowers are small and inconspicuous
Size:

Height: 10 to 20 feet (can be pruned to maintain smaller size)
Width: 8 to 15 feet

Attributes:
  • Produces edible hazelnuts
  • Attractive catkins in late winter
  • Dense, multi-stemmed growth habit
  • Provides food and shelter for wildlife
  • Can be coppiced or pruned for shape and size control
Care Tips:
  • Prefers well-drained, loamy soil
  • Water regularly during establishment and dry periods
  • Mulch to conserve moisture and suppress weeds
  • Prune in late winter to remove suckers and shape
  • Cross-pollination improves nut yield—plant more than one variety if possible
Pest Watch:
  • Watch for Eastern Filbert Blight, aphids, and nut weevils
  • Monitor for leaf spots and mildew in humid conditions

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