Sun Needs:
- Full sun to partial shade
- Best growth and form in full sun
- Tolerates shade but may become leggy
Bloom Time:
- Late spring
- Flowers: Small, white, inconspicuous
- Fruit: Female plants produce black berries in fall (requires male pollinator nearby)
Size:
Height: 3 to 8 feet (depending on cultivar)
Width: 3 to 6 feet
Attributes:
- Evergreen with smooth, spineless leaves
- Black berries attract birds and wildlife
- Native to the eastern U.S.
- Tolerates wet soils and coastal conditions
- Excellent for hedges, rain gardens, and naturalized plantings
Care Tips:
- Prefers acidic, moist, well-drained soil
- Tolerates wet or poorly drained sites
- Water regularly during establishment
- Mulch to retain moisture and suppress weeds
- Prune in late winter or early spring to shape and control size
- Plant both male and female plants for berry production
Pest Watch:
- Generally pest- and disease-resistant
- Monitor for leaf spot and chlorosis in alkaline soils



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